Tokenomics
Case Study: Multi-Product Exchange Tokenomics
Stage 1 framework for a multi-product crypto-fintech: sizing 13 product lines, three token concepts (Real Yield / Loyalty / B2B), and FDV ranges.
5 Token Supply Models
Five token supply models: allocation, bonding curve, airdrop, reward, and market distribution. Each explained with examples, formulas, and practical guidance.
Validator Payment Models: Economics of PoS Networks
How validator economics work: reward models (emission, fees, MEV), slashing, delegation. Yield formulas, PoS network comparison, node unit economics.
Voting Models in Tokenomics
DAO voting mechanisms compared: token-weighted, quadratic, conviction voting, ve-model. Quorum formulas, governance attacks, and practical recommendations.
What Is Tokenomics
Tokenomics definition: six disciplines, how it differs from cryptoeconomics, stakeholder analysis, and how parameters shape a token system.
When You Don't Need a Token
A 7-question checklist to determine if your project needs a token. Common tokenization mistakes and alternatives.
Units of Work in AI and Crypto: From Bitcoin PoW to Salesforce AWU
Five ways industries measure work — Bitcoin Proof of Work, Ethereum gas, training FLOPs, LLM tokens, and Salesforce AWU. Where each metric breaks, how they line up on a dollar scale, and why the intersection of AI and crypto is the most interesting place in the spectrum.
AI Agent Tokenomics: From Memecoins to Revenue Share
Why most AI agent tokens behave like memecoins, the four mechanics that turn them into real assets, and why none of it works without decentralized compute.
5 Token Demand Models
Five demand models for token utility: Discount, Payment, Ownership, Securities, Value Transfer. Formulas, real-world examples, and a selection algorithm.
Token Project Unit Economics: Metrics, Formulas, and Modeling
How to calculate unit economics for a crypto project — LTV, CAC, revenue per token, velocity. Formulas, Python code, and common mistakes.
Token Velocity: Why Payment Tokens Lose Value
Token velocity and price: MV=PQ equation, the velocity paradox, velocity sinks (staking, burning, locking), interactive calculator, and Python simulation.
Vesting and Unlocks: Benchmarks, Formulas, and Sell Pressure
Vesting standards by round (seed, private, public, team), sell pressure formula at unlock, and analysis of failed unlocks.
How to Calculate FDV: Formula, Calculator, Pitfalls
Fully Diluted Valuation — formula, data sources, calculator, MC/FDV ranges, and common pitfalls when measuring dilution risk.
DCF for Token Valuation: Rates, Terminal Value, OpenAI Anchor
How to apply DCF to a token: choosing the discount rate (US treasuries, EUR/JPY anchors, crypto premium), terminal value as the main trap, sensitivity, and a Fair Value calculator.
Agent-Based Modeling in Tokenomics
When spreadsheets aren't enough: agent-based modeling for stress-testing tokenomics. Python code, charts, and result analysis.
On-Chain Analytics for Tokenomists: Tools, Metrics, and Practice
On-chain analytics for tokenomists: Dune, Nansen, DefiLlama tools, holder concentration metrics, exchange flows, and wallet activity patterns.
The Tokenomics Design Process
Complete tokenomics design process: from market research to final documentation. Stages, stakeholders, supply and demand models.
Token Allocation as a Supply Model
How to distribute tokens among the team, investors, and community. Vesting schedules, cliff, TGE, common mistakes, and an unlock calculator.
Allocation and Vesting Template (Google Sheets)
Token allocation and vesting template in Google Sheets: set group shares, cliff, and vesting — get the full unlock schedule and charts automatically.
DeFi Risk Management: Simulation, Monitoring, and Parameter Optimization
DeFi risk management: vulnerability detection, risk oracles, and parameter simulation. Gauntlet, Chaos Labs, VaR formulas, and cascade liquidation mechanics.
Tokenomics Simulations: Monte Carlo to Agent-Based Models
Simulation methods for tokenomics: sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, Monte Carlo, agent-based modeling. Python code, charts, and method comparison.
Airdrop as a Token Distribution Model
Airdrop — free token distribution for activity. Four airdrop types, allocation formulas, sybil protection, sell pressure, and a distribution calculator.
Staking: Economics, Models, and Reward Design
Staking economics in tokenomics: APR vs APY, inflationary vs real rewards, liquid staking, and slashing. Formulas, simulation code, and a yield calculator.
veTokenomics: The Economics of Vote Escrow in DeFi
Deep dive into the ve-model — voting power decay formula, gauge voting, bribe economics. Comparison of Curve, Pendle, Velodrome and ve(3,3).
Bonding Curve: A Token Supply Model
What is a bonding curve, minting formulas, curve types, DeFi and loyalty program examples. How to choose parameters A, B, C.
Lessons from Planned Economies for DAO Governance
What Gosplan and DAOs have in common: pricing without markets, seven reform cycles. Parallels between Soviet planned economics and decentralized governance.
Stakeholders in Tokenomics
Stakeholder typology for token economic models: roles, interests, conflicts. Motivation-horizon matrix, utility function, and a sell pressure calculator.
DePIN Tokenomics: Decentralized Infrastructure Economics
DePIN tokenomics: Burn-and-Mint Equilibrium, incentive flywheel, and node unit economics. Filecoin, Helium, Render, and Hivemapper analysis with formulas.
Points Systems: Pre-Token Loyalty Programs
How to design a points program — actions, conversion, Sybil defense. Case studies from EigenLayer, Blast, Hyperliquid. Formulas and anti-patterns.
Stablecoin Tokenomics: Models, Formulas, and Terra Lessons
Four stablecoin models — fiat-backed, algorithmic, hybrid, and CDP. Peg mechanics, the UST crash analysis, and USDC/DAI/FRAX comparison.
MiCA Article 6 stablecoin bundle: whitepaper, iXBRL, cadCAD peg simulation, redemption gate
How to ship a MiCA Article 6 stablecoin whitepaper as a coherent engineering deliverable: iXBRL Annex I structure, cadCAD peg simulation, redemption gate stress test. Built for the 1 July 2026 CASP cliff for EMT issuers.
Automated Market Makers (AMM)
How AMMs work, pricing formulas, impermanent loss, protocol tokenomics, and liquidity design for token launches.
Dividends vs Buyback: Two Token Utilization Models
Comparing dividend (revenue share) and buyback & burn models. Yield formulas, metrics, hybrid ve-models, and choosing the optimal utilization strategy.
Discount Model: Token Utility Through Fee Reduction
Discount token utility: price ceiling formula, discount types (fixed, tiered, dynamic), BNB and CRO case studies, and token reinforcement strategies.
Payment Model: Token as the Means of Payment
Payment utility model: token as the sole means of payment. MV=PQ equation, velocity paradox, retention mechanisms, Filecoin, ETH, and TON case studies.
HYPE Tokenomics: How Hyperliquid's Fee-Funded Buyback Actually Works
Full breakdown of HYPE tokenomics: allocation, the no-VC airdrop, the Assistance Fund mechanics, daily buyback math, sustainability under volume shocks, and the specific risks that come with the design.
Mechanism Design in Tokenomics
How to integrate supply and demand models into a unified incentive system. Game theory foundations, design cases, and common mistakes.
Buyback Engineering: A Working Playbook for Fee-Funded Token Programs
A working playbook on buyback engineering for fee-funded token programs: the five design axes, contract-level audit checklist, execution-strategy choice (TWAP, continuous, batch, Dutch auction), and lessons from Hyperliquid, Jupiter, and Jito.
Ownership Model: NFTs, RWA, and Commodity Tokens
Ownership as a token utility model: NFTs, RWA, commodity tokens. NAV and premium formulas, three types of ownership tokens, PAXG, Ondo, and RealT cases.
AI Agent Tokenomics: Six Design Patterns That Work, One That Failed
AI agent tokenomics catalog: 6 design patterns that work and 1 that failed. Platform buyback, provider staking, routing currency, subnet model, compute-indexed primitive, reputation economies — with Virtuals, Aethir, Akash, Bittensor numbers.
Reward Emission: Halving, Decay Curves, and GameFi Rewards
Reward supply model: how to design emission for useful actions. Halving, decay curves, GameFi rewards, and an emission calculator.
Market Models: Order Book, AMM, and Intent-Based Trading
Three market models for token liquidity: order book, AMM, and intent-based trading. Mechanism comparison, slippage formulas, and decision tree.
Market Making in Tokenomics: Role, Models, and Cost
How market makers affect tokenomics: spreads, depth, inventory risk, loan + call option, MM KPIs. When you need an MM and when you don't.
Prediction Markets: AMM, CLOB, and Betting Tokenomics
How prediction markets work: AMM vs CLOB comparison, LMSR pricing formula, betting fairness problem, and Sybil arbitrage.
Babylon BSN Tokenomics: BTC as Programmable Collateral
Engineering deep-dive on Babylon tokenomics: 10B BABY supply, 8% inflation, dual-staking math, finality provider economics, $5.6B+ BTC TVL, BSN reward auction, and the multi-BSN design that turns Bitcoin into programmable collateral.
Bittensor Tokenomics: Yuma, dTAO and the 2025 Halving
An integrated technical reference for bittensor tokenomics: Yuma Consensus math, dTAO market-driven emissions, the December 2025 halving, the 41 / 41 / 18 validator/miner/owner split, subnet deregistration, and design lessons for AI-marketplace tokens. With an interactive emission calculator.
From Protocol to Public Equity: Ethena's Dual-Track Architecture (USDe, sUSDe, USDtb, USDE)
On 10 March 2026 TLGY shareholders approved the StablecoinX merger and a DeFi protocol crossed onto Nasdaq under ticker USDE. We dissect the dual-track architecture — USDe, sUSDe, USDtb, and the public-equity wrapper — and what it means for stablecoin issuers planning multi-rail strategies.